Percentage Calculator
Calculate percentages, percentage change, and percentage of a number.
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How percentages work
A percentage expresses a number as a fraction of 100. The word comes from Latin "per centum" — meaning "by the hundred." Percentages appear everywhere: discounts, tax rates, exam scores, interest rates, and statistics.
Three common percentage problems: (1) What is X% of Y? — multiply Y by X/100. (2) X is what % of Y? — divide X by Y and multiply by 100. (3) Percentage change — divide the difference by the original value and multiply by 100.
A common source of confusion: a 50% increase followed by a 50% decrease does not return you to the original value. If you start at 100, a 50% increase gives 150, and a 50% decrease of 150 gives 75 — not 100.
Frequently asked questions
How do I calculate percentage?
Percentage = (Part / Whole) × 100. For example, if 30 out of 200 students passed, the pass rate is (30/200) × 100 = 15%.